Think of a soldier at the war front, he knows how to use the weapon he is holding, but thinks that the war is unjust and refuses to fire. etc.Įs and traits become more important than the skills and knowledge required to do the job. Motives = What drives us, i.e., the need to seek achievement, power/influence, affiliation.Traits = Why and how we behave a certain way.Knowledge = Acquiring information in a particular field.These account for around 80 percent of a person’s competencies, but they’re much more difficult to assess than skill and knowledge. Social role, self-image, traits and motives are positioned on the iceberg below the water level hidden from the human eye. So, they are relatively easy to determine. They, are around 20 % of a person’s competencies. Skill and knowledge are located on the portion of the iceberg that sits above the water level, which is easily seen.
The iceberg model contains six competencies: skill, knowledge, social role, self-image, traits and motives. The pictorial representation of the model is as below: Similarly, a competency has some components which are visible like knowledge and skills but other behavioural components like attitude, traits, thinking styles, self-image, organizational fit etc are hidden or beneath the surface. An iceberg which has just one-ninth of its volume above water and the rest remains beneath the surface in the sea. The iceberg model for competencies takes the help of an iceberg to explain the concept of competency.
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